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Abies amabilis
''Abies amabilis'', commonly known as the Pacific silver fir, is a fir native to the Pacific Northwest of North America, occurring in the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range from the extreme southeast of Alaska, through western British Columbia, Washington and Oregon, to the extreme northwest of California. It is also commonly referred to as the white fir, red fir, lovely fir, amabilis fir, Cascades fir, or silver fir.〔(''Abies amabilis'' ), The Gymnosperm Database. Accessed 31 July 2012.〕 It grows at altitudes of sea level to in the north of the range, and in the south of the range, always in temperate rain forest with relatively high precipitation and cool, humid summers. Common associate trees are Douglas fir and in the extreme southern area of its range, California buckeye.〔C.M. Hogan, 2008〕
==Description==
It is a large evergreen coniferous tree growing to , exceptionally tall,〔Gymnosperm database, 2008〕 and with a trunk diameter of up to , exceptionally . The bark on younger trees is light grey, thin and covered with resin blisters. On older trees, it darkens and develops scales and furrows. The leaves are needle-like, flattened, long and wide by thick, matte dark green above, and with two white bands of stomata below, and slightly notched at the tip.〔Flora of North America, 2008〕 The leaf arrangement is spiral on the shoot, but with each leaf variably twisted at the base so they lie flat to either side of and above the shoot, with none below the shoot. The shoots are orange-red with dense velvety pubescence. The cones are long and broad, dark purple before maturity; the scale bracts are short, and hidden in the closed cone. The winged seeds are released when the cones disintegrate at maturity about 6–7 months after pollination.
Pacific silver fir is very closely related to Maries' Fir ''A. mariesii'' from Japan, which is distinguished by its slightly shorter leaves——and smaller cones, which are long.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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